ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Physical functioning evaluation in intensive care units (ICUs) identifies rehabilitation requirements and response to interventions. AIM: To identify the usage rate of physical functioning measurement instruments in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lead physiotherapists representing different national ICUs were invited to answer a National online survey at the onset (T1) and at the first year of COVID-19 pandemic (T2). The usage rate (defined as "always"/"almost always"/"almost never"/"never") of instruments assessing muscle strength, muscle mass, mobility, and physical performance was surveyed. Also, the reasons for selecting these instruments were requested. RESULTS: We received responses from 94 and 93 ICUs at T1 and T2, respectively, of 111 eligible ICUs (55% public). Compared with T2, the usage rate of instruments was lower at T1, and significant only for Medical Research Sum-Score (MRC-SS) (p = 0.04) and handgrip dynamometry (p = 0.05). Considering the answers "always", "almost always" and "almost never", between 89% and 91% of the ICUs reported the use of the MRC-SS; between 70% and 73% reported the use of the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit; between 5% and 35% of the ICUs reported the use of the rest of mobility scales; and between 44%-45% of ICUs reported that muscle ultrasound was "almost never" used. The main reasons reported for selecting instruments were quick use and clinimetric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The usage rate of muscle strength assessments was frequent, while the use of mobility and muscle mass instruments recommended by the literature was poorly reported, which was lower at the onset of the pandemic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Critical Care , Physical Therapists , Physical Functional Performance , COVID-19 , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Muscle Strength , Pandemics , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Alcoholic Hepatitis (HA) represent to one of the pathological entities in the context of liver damage associated with excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption. Despite its high mortality, making the early diagnosis is still a challenge for physicians. The local information of this pathology is limited, so this work consists of conducting a retrospective study on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with HA at the Regional Hospital of Talca (HRT); in order to make available to the treating doctors, the greatest amount of data contributing to decision-making for the benefit of patients. Methods: The clinical records of all patients discharged from the HRT with a diagnosis of HA during the period between January 2017 and August 2022 were reviewed. Background information such as: chief complaint, main symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory tests, treatment, evolution and survival, etc., was collected for analysis and to obtain the conclusions presented. Results: A total of 16 patients were studied; 93.75 % were male and 6.24 % female; with a mean age of 52. Of the patients, 87.5 % had a history of DHC. All had alcohol abuse for more than 5 years and 93.75% had active alcoholism. The most frequent laboratory findings included hyperbilirubinaemia (93.75 %), GOT/GPT ratio >2 (50 %) and leukocytosis (56.25 %). Of the total patients studied, 68.75% had a survival of more than 1 year after the event, while 12.5% died during hospitalisation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/blood , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/epidemiologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Proponer un prototipo de sistema de tratamiento de agua para zonas rurales colombianas. Materiales y Métodos El prototipo consta de cuatro compartimientos en los cuales se adelantan procesos de clarificación del agua con piedra de alumbre y filtración, utilizando materiales granulares como: arenas de distinta granulometría, piedra pómez, carbón activado y gravilla. El agua problema se emuló siguiendo las características del agua encontrada en la zona rural del país y su monitoreo se realizó siguiendo la normatividad vigente en Colombia. Resultados Hubo reducción en coliformes fecales y totales del 99,9 %, turbiedad del 98 % y color del 83 %. En todos los casos los registros obtenidos permiten catalogar el agua tratada como apta para el consumo humano. El pH presentó un ligero aumento debido a la presencia de piedra pómez y otras calizas en el material filtrante, pero el valor medido, está dentro del límite máximo aceptado para agua potable. Conclusiones El sistema de tratamiento (purificación) evaluado en el presente estudio, produjo un agua apta para consumo humano a partir de agua con características promedio de zonas rurales semi-templadas del país. La tecnología propuesta es de fácil adaptación y difusión, y permite el control de enfermedades de origen hídrico en zonas desprovistas de sistemas de acueducto.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective Propose a prototype system for safe water treatment in Colombian rural areas. Materials and Methods The prototype consists of four chambers working on a water -clarification process using alum stone, also working on a filtration processes using granular materials such as different grain sizes of sand, pumice stone, activated carbon and gravel. The water problem was emulated based on the average water features found in the countryside and its monitoring mechanism tracked the current regulations in Colombia. Results There was a reduction of the fecal and total coliform of the 99.9 %, a reduction of the 98 % of turbidity, and of an 83 % of color. In all the cases, the records obtained enable to catalog the treated water as fit for human consumption. The pH, presented a slight increment due to the presence of pumice and other limestone in the filter material, but the measured value was included under the upper limit accepted for potable water. Conclusions The treatment (purification) system evaluated in this study produced suitable water for human consumption obtained from countryside average water. The proposed technology is easy for adoption and diffusion and contributes to prevent water-borne diseases in areas without water systems.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Planning , Drinking Water/standards , Rural Areas , Water Purification/methods , ColombiaABSTRACT
El hemoneumotórax espontáneo es una condición inusual, caracterizada por la acumulación de aire y sangre en la cavidad pleural, no precedida por trauma. La radiografía de tórax es la herramienta principal en el diagnóstico de esta entidad. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 22 años con hemoneumotórax espontáneo. El paciente se recuperó sin complicaciones luego de la cirugía.
Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is an unusual condition, characterized by the accumulation of air and blood in the pleural cavity, not preceded by trauma. Chest radiography is the main tool in the diagnosis of this entity. We present, a case of a 22-year-old male with spontaneous hemopneumothorax. The patient recovered after surgery with no complications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hemopneumothorax , Pneumothorax , Hemothorax , Hydropneumothorax , HydrothoraxABSTRACT
Objetivo Construir desde la comunidad una propuesta educativa orientada al auto empoderamiento para mejorar las condiciones sanitarias y de habitabilidad de la vivienda. Método Con un enfoque constructivista y con base en el programa "Gestores comunitarios del hábitat", se trabajó con quince familias residentes en el barrio Mochuelo Bajo de la Localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en Bogotá, Colombia, con el fin de que identificaran los aspectos sanitarios más relevantes para el mejoramiento de sus viviendas y propusieran la metodología y organización de la propuesta educativa. Resultados Se identificaron veinti ún indicadores epidemiológicos ligados a una vivienda insalubre, los cuales sirvieron como base para definir las problemáticas específicas y establecer la metodología para diseñar la propuesta educativa. Discusión El curso diseñado pretende fomentar la educación y las capacidades en salud de la comunidad con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad de las viviendas y lograr un entorno saludable del hábitat que les permita desarrollarse con bienestar y dignidad.
Objective This was a community-based effort at constructing an educational proposal orientated towards self-empowerment aimed at improving the target population's sanitary, housing and living conditions through cooperative learning. Methods A constructivist approach was adopted based on a programme called "Habitat community manger". The project involved working with fifteen families living in the Mochuelo Bajo barrio in Ciudad Bolívar in Bogotá, Colombia, for identifying the most relevant sanitary aspects for improving their homes and proposing a methodology and organisation for an educational proposal. Results Twenty-one poor housing-related epidemiological indicators were identified which formed the basis for defining specific problems and establishing a methodology for designing an educational proposal. Discussion The course which emerged from the cooperative learning experience was designed to promote the community's skills and education regarding health aimed at improving households' living conditions and ensuring a healthy environment which would allow them to develop an immediate habitat ensuring their own welfare and dignity.